CBSE CLASS XI CHEMISTRY ANNUAL SYLLABUS 2022-23

 CLASS–XI (THEORY) (2022-23) 

Time:3Hours       Total Marks70

S.NO	UNIT	PERIODS	MARKS
1	Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry	18	7
2	Structure of Atom	20	9
3	Classification of Elements                          and Periodicity in Properties	12	6
4	Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure	20	7
5	Chemical Thermodynamics	23	9
6	Equilibrium	20	7
7	Redox Reactions	9	4
8	Organic    Chemistry:    Some                basic Principles and Techniques	20	11
9	Hydrocarbons	18	10
	TOTAL	160	70

 

Unit I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry       18 Periods

 General Introduction: Importance and scope of Chemistry. Nature of matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and molecules. Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.

Unit II: Structure of Atom                         20 Periods

Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Thomson's model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations, Bohr's model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

 Unit III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties        12 Periods

 Significance of classification, brief history of the development of periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements -atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100.

Unit IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure   20 Periods 

Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis’s structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization,involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), Hydrogen bond.

Unit VI: Chemical Thermodynamics       23 Periods

Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions. First law of thermodynamics -internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ΔU and ΔH, Hess's law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Second law of Thermodynamics (brief introduction) Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibb's energy change for spontaneous and non- spontaneous processes, criteria for equilibrium. Third law of thermodynamics (brief introduction).

Unit VII: Equilibrium            20 Periods

Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium - Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solution, Henderson Equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative examples).

 Unit VIII: Redox Reactions            09 Periods

Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number, applications of redox reactions.

Unit XII: Organic Chemistry -Some Basic Principles and Techniques 20 Periods General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.

Unit XIII: Hydrocarbons        18 Periods

Classification of Hydrocarbons Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:

Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.

Alkenes - Nomenclature, the structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.

Alkynes - Nomenclature, the structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of - hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons:

Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in monosubstituted benzene. Carcinogenicity and toxicity.

 

PRACTICALS

3 HOURS/ 30 Marks

Evaluation Scheme for Examination	Marks
Volumetric Analysis	08
Salt Analysis	08
Content Based Experiment	06
Project Work	04
Class record and viva	04
Total	30

PRACTICAL SYLLABUS            Total Periods: 60

Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments, wherever possible such techniques should be used.

A.    Basic Laboratory Techniques

1.       Cutting glass tube and glass rod

2.       Bending a glass tube

3.       Drawing out a glass jet

4.       Boring a cork

B.    Characterization and Purification of Chemical Substances

1.        Determination of melting point of an organic compound.

2.        Determination of boiling point of an organic compound.

3.        Crystallization of impure sample of any one of the following: Alum, Copper Sulphate, Benzoic Acid.

C.    Experiments based on pH

1.  Any one of the following experiments:

•       Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, solution of known and varied concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper or universal indicator.

•       comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acids of same concentration. Study the pH change in the titration of a strong base using universal indicator.

2.  Study the pH change by common-ion in case of weak acids and weak bases.

D.  Chemical Equilibrium

One of the following experiments:

1.     Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing/decreasing the concentration of either of the ions.

2.     Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]²⁺ and chloride ions by changing the concentration of either of the ions.

 E.  Quantitative Estimation

1.     Using a mechanical balance/electronic balance.

2.     Preparation of standard solution of Oxalic acid.

3.     Determination of strength of a given solution of Sodium hydroxide by titrating it against standard solution of Oxalic acid.

4.     Preparation of standard solution of Sodium carbonate.

5.     Determination of strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid by titrating it against standard Sodium Carbonate solution.

 F.     Qualitative Analysis

1.  Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt

Cation:

Pb^2+, Cu²⁺ As³⁺, Aℓ³⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH ⁺

Anions:

3 CO3)2-, S2-, (SO3)2-, (NO2)-, (SO4)2-, Cℓ-, Br-, I-, (PO4)3-, (C2O4)2-, CH3COO-, NO -

(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

2.  Detection of -Nitrogen, Sulphur, Chlorine in organic compounds.

 

G.  PROJECTS

Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other sources.

A few suggested Projects

·       Checking the bacterial contamination in drinking water by testing sulphide ion

·       Study of the methods of purification of water

·       Testing the hardness, presence of Iron, Fluoride, Chloride, etc., depending upon the regional variation in drinking water and study of causes of presence of these ions above permissible limit (if any).

·       Investigation of the foaming capacity of different washing soaps and the effect of addition of Sodium carbonate on it

·       Study the acidity of different samples of tea leaves.

·       Determination of the rate of evaporation of different liquids.

·       Study the effect of acids and bases on the tensile strength of fibers.

·       Study of acidity of fruit and vegetable juices.

Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can be chosen with the approval of the teacher.

 PRACTICAL EXAMINATION FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS

 Note: Same Evaluation scheme and general guidelines for visually impaired students as given for Class XII may be followed.

 A.    List of apparatus for identification for assessment in practical (All experiments)

Beaker, tripod stand, wire gauze, glass rod, funnel, filter paper, Bunsen burner, test-tube, test-tube stand, dropper, test tube holder, ignition tube, china dish, tongs, standard flask, pipette, burette, conical flask, clamp stand, dropper, wash bottle 

•       Odour detection in qualitative analysis 

•       Procedure/Setup of the apparatus

 B.    List of Experiments A. Characterization and Purification of Chemical Substances

 1. Crystallization of an impure sample of any one of the following: copper sulphate, benzoic acid

 C.    Experiments based on pH

 1.       Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, solutions of known and varied concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper

2.       Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acids of same concentration.

 D.  Chemical Equilibrium

1.       Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing/decreasing the concentration of either ions.

2.       Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]²⁺ and chloride ions by changing the concentration of either of the ions.

E.  Quantitative estimation

1.       Preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid.

2.       Determination of molarity of a given solution of sodium hydroxide by titrating it against standard solution of oxalic acid.

 F.  Qualitative Analysis1.       Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt

2.       Cations - NH4 +

Anions – (CO3)^2-, S^2-, (SO3)^2-, Cl^-, CH3COO^-

(Note: insoluble salts excluded)

3.       Detection of Nitrogen in the given organic compound.

4.       Detection of Halogen in the given organic compound.

 Note: The above practical may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than recording observations.

 

 PRESCRIBED BOOKS:

 1.     Chemistry Part – I, Class-XI, Published by NCERT.

 2.     Chemistry Part – II, Class-XI, Published by NCERT.

 3.     Laboratory Manual of Chemistry, Class XI Published by NCERT

 4.     Other related books and manuals of NCERT including multimedia and online sources

Note:The content indicated in NCERT textbooks as excluded for the year 2022-23 is not to be tested by schools.

CBSE Class IX Science syllabus 2022-23

 COURSE STRUCTURE  CLASS IX

(Annual Examination)                                                                                                                

Marks: 80

Unit No.	Unit	Marks
I	Matter - Its Nature and Behaviour	25
II	Organization in the Living World	22
III	Motion, Force and Work	27
IV	Food; Food Production	06
	Total	80
	Internal assessment	20
	Grand Total	100

 

 

 

 

 

Theme: Materials

Unit I: Matter-Nature and Behaviour

Definition of matter; solid, liquid and gas; characteristics - shape, volume, density; change of state- melting (absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (cooling by evaporation), condensation, sublimation.

Nature of matter: Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions. Physical and chemical changes (excluding separating the components of a mixture).

Particle nature and their basic units: Atoms and molecules, Law of Chemical Combination, Chemical formula of common compounds, Atomic and molecular masses.

Structure of atoms: Electrons, protons and neutrons, Valency, Atomic Number and Mass Number, Isotopes and Isobars.

Theme: The World of the Living

Unit II: Organization in the Living World

Cell - Basic Unit of life : Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles and cell inclusions; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes - basic structure, number.

Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism:

 

Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (only four types of tissues in animals; Meristematic and Permanent tissues in plants).

Theme: Moving Things, People and Ideas Unit III: Motion, Force and Work

Motion: Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line; acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform motion and uniformly accelerated motion, elementary idea of uniform circular motion.

Force and Newton’s laws : Force and Motion, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Action and Reaction forces, Inertia of a body, Inertia and mass, Momentum, Force and Acceleration.

Gravitation: Gravitation; Universal Law of Gravitation, Force of Gravitation of the earth (gravity), Acceleration due to Gravity; Mass and Weight; Free fall.

Floatation: Thrust and Pressure. Archimedes’ Principle; Buoyancy.

Work, Energy and Power: Work done by a Force, Energy, power; Kinetic and Potential energy; Law of conservation of energy (excluding commercial unit of Energy).

Sound: Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of sound, range of hearing in humans; ultrasound; reflection of sound; echo.

 Theme: Food

Unit IV: Food Production

Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement and management; Use of fertilizers and manures; Protection from pests and diseases; Organic farming.

Note for the Teachers:

 

1.     The chapter Natural Resources (NCERT Chapter 14) will not be assessed in the year-end examination. However, learners may be assigned to read this chapter and encouraged to prepare a brief write up on any concept of this chapter in their Portfolio. This may be for Internal Assessment and credit may be given for Periodic Assessment/Portfolio.

2.     The NCERT text books present information in boxes across the book. These  help students to get conceptual clarity. However, the information in these boxes would not be assessed in the year-end examination.

PRACTICALS

Practicals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes

(LIST OF EXPERIMENTS)

1.    Preparation of:               Unit-I

 

a)     a) true solution of common salt, sugar and alum 

      b)  a suspension of soil, chalk powder and fine sand in water

      c)       a colloidal solution of starch in water and egg albumin/milk in water and distinguish between these on the basis of

        ·       transparency

        ·       filtration criterion

        ·       stability

2.        Preparation     of      Unit-I

           A mixture   b)       A compound using iron filings and sulphur powder and distinguishing between these on the basis of:  

(i)       appearance, i.e., homogeneity and heterogeneity

(ii)     behaviour towards a magnet

(iii)    behaviour towards carbon disulphide as a solvent

(iv)   effect of heat

3.               Perform the following reactions and classify them as physical or chemical changes: Unit-I

a)         Iron with copper sulphate solution in water

b)         Burning of magnesium ribbon in air

c)         Zinc with dilute sulphuric acid

d)         Heating of copper sulphate crystals

e)         Sodium sulphate with barium chloride in the form of their solutions in water

4.               Preparation of stained temporary mounts of (a) onion peel, (b) human cheek cells & to record observations and draw their labeled diagrams. Unit-II

5.               Identification of Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma tissues in plants, striped, smooth and cardiac muscle fibers and nerve cells in animals, from prepared slides. Draw their labeled diagrams. Unit-II

6.               Determination of the melting point of ice and the boiling point of water. Unit-I

7.               Verification of the Laws of reflection of sound. Unit-III

 8.               Determination of the density of solid (denser than water) by using a spring balance and a measuring cylinder. Unit-III

9.               Establishing the relation between the loss in weight of a solid when fully immersed in Unit-III

a)      Tap water 

        b)      Strongly salty water with the weight of water displaced by it by taking at least two different solids.

    10.           Determination of the speed of a pulse propagated through a stretched string/slinky (helical spring). Unit-III

11.           Verification of the law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction. Unit-III