CHEMISTRY TERM WISE SYLLABUS FOR SESSION 2021-22 CLASS XII

CHEMISTRY (043)

SYLLABUS  FOR SESSION 2021-22 CLASS XII Term-I

S.No	UNIT	Periods	MARKS
1	Solid State	8	10
2	Solutions	8
3	p-Block Elements	7	10
4	Haloalkanes and Haloarenes	9	15
5	Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers	9
6	Biomolecules	8
	TOTAL	49	35

Solid State: Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects.

 

Solutions: Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties.

 

p Block Elements: Group -15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; Nitrogen preparation properties and uses; compounds of Nitrogen: preparation and properties of Ammonia and Nitric Acid.

Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: preparation, properties and uses, classification of Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur -allotropic forms; compounds of Sulphur: preparation properties and uses of Sulphur-dioxide, Sulphuric Acid: properties and uses; Oxoacids of Sulphur (Structures only).

Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation, properties and uses of Chlorine and Hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, Oxoacids of halogens (structures only).

Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes: Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only).

 

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers: Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Biomolecules: Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration

Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

PRACTICALS

Term I: A 15-mark Practical would be conducted under the supervision of subject teacher/ internal examiner.    This    would    contribute    to    the    overall    practical    marks    for    the    subject. OR

 

In case the situation of lockdown continues until Nov-Dec 2021, a Practical Based Assessment (pen- paper) of 15 marks would be conducted at the end of Term I at the school level and marks would be submitted by the schools to the Board. This would contribute to the overall practical marks for the subject.

Term-I Evaluation Scheme

S. No	Practical	Marks
1.	Volumetric Analysis	4
2.	Salt Analysis	4
3.	Content Based experiment	2
4.	Class record and viva(Internal Examiner)	5
	TOTAL	15

(1)  Volumetric analysis (4 marks)

 

Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of:

i.            Oxalic acid,

ii.            Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

(2)  Salt analysis (Qualitative analysis) (4 marks)

Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.

Cations- Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, As³⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH4+ Anions – (CO3)^2- , S^2- , NO2 - , SO3 2- , SO42- , NO3-, Cl^- , Br^- , I^- , PO4 3- , C2O4 2- ,CH3COO^- (Note:

Insoluble salts excluded)

 

(3)  Content Based Experiments (2 marks)

 

A.     Chromatography

i.    Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values.

ii.    Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations only (constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).

B.   Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and their detection in given foodstuffs.

SYLLABUS FOR SESSION 2021-22 CLASS XII Term-II

S.No	UNIT	No. of Periods	MARKS
1	Electrochemistry	7	13
2	Chemical Kinetics	5
3	Surface Chemistry	5
4	d-and f-Block Elements	7	9
5	Coordination Compounds	8
6	Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids	10	13
7	Amines	7
	TOTAL	49	35

 

 

Electrochemistry: Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis.

 

Chemical Kinetics: Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions).

 

Surface Chemistry: Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, colloidal state: distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic, multi-molecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation.

 

d-a  nd f-Block Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation.

Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.

 

Coordination Compounds: Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT.

 

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids: Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

 

Amines:

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

 

PRACTICALS

Term II: At the end of Term II, a 15-mark Practical would be conducted under the supervision of Board appointed external examiners. This would contribute to the overall practical marks for the subject.

 OR

 In case the situation of lockdown continues beyond December 2021, a Practical Based Assessment (pen-paper) of 10 marks and Viva 5 marks would be conducted at the end of Term II jointly by the external and internal examiners and marks would be submitted by the schools to the Board. This would contribute to the overall practical marks for the subject.

 TERM-II Evaluation Scheme

 

S. No	Practical	Marks
1.	Volumetric Analysis	4
2.	Salt Analysis	4
3	Content Based Experiment	2
4	Project Work and Viva(Internal and External Both)	5
	TOTAL	15

1)      Volumetric analysis (4 marks)

Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of:

i.          Oxalic acid,

ii.          Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

 

2)      Salt analysis (Qualitative analysis) (4 marks)

Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.

Cations- Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, As³⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH4+ Anions – (CO3)^2- , S^2- , NO2 - , SO3 2- , SO42- , NO3-, Cl^- , Br^- , I^- , PO4 3- , C2O4 2- ,CH3COO^- (Note:

Insoluble salts excluded)

 

3)      Content based experiment

A.        Preparation of Inorganic Compounds

Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum. Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.

 

B.        Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:

Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary) groups.

Guidelines on Syllabus for Visually Handicapped students.

Schools are expected to rationalise and divide the syllabus of practicums for visually handicapped students into two halves on the basis of collective guidelines given for the same in the complete syllabus and as per the convenience of their students. This flexibility is given in view of the special condition of visually handicapped students .They will, however, be assessed on 15 marks in practical examination in both the terms as rest of their peers.

General Instructions for Investigatory Project

 

In Chemistry the students of class XI and XII are supposed to conduct a scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other sources. This project is assessed as a part of practical examination at the end of year.

 

At the outset, teachers must map appropriate competencies or learning outcomes with real world problems (projects) that are age appropriate for their students. Students in consultation with their teacher finally determine the project question for them depending upon their interest and proclivity. A project should ideally arise out of the need felt by the student. Students explore their areas of interest and narrow down their ideas to a testable hypothesis or problem question.

 

For example: Abdul waits for summers as his favourite fruit watermelon is available in plenty. This year he noticed that every time he bought a watermelon its colour was dark red and was exceptionally sweet from inside. This never happened in earlier years. Some watermelons would be sweet some would not. Abdul were surprised by this observation and worried if the fruit was adulterated. He thought of conducting a test to find out if fruits and vegetables available in his locality were adulterated. He reviewed articles and papers on adulteration and found out simple tests to check adulteration at home. Abdul conducted the test and shared his results with his friend and teacher. He developed a small manual to help other check adulteration in fruits.

 

There are many issues in our immediate surroundings which need to be addressed. Keen observation will help identify the problem.

 

Before developing a problem question, students must do research on topics and find out what other people have already done in the selected area to avoid repetition. During this phase, students should be encouraged to record the reference of every bit of information they got from different sources. After developing problem question, students should write down precise testable hypothesis and design an experiment or procedure to test their hypothesis by collecting and analysing the data followed by writing conclusion and limitation of the study. Students must also develop a timeline and checklist about accessibility to resources required, safety of experiment/procedure, harmlessness of experiments to environment, organisms and other people. Teacher must ensure that it is doable within a specified period of time and available resources and is appropriately challenging to a particular student (neither be very complex or longer nor be very easy and short). It should not culminate into finding information from a book or website.

 

A project could have the following outline:

 

1.      Statement of Problem- A clear statement of the problem/need that has given rise to the project

 

2.      Objectives-General and specific objectives of topic

3.      Introduction-The introduction should describe the relevance of problem or why the problem is the most appropriate for your inquiry. It should also describe previously known facts about your problem question with proper bibliography. Introduction towards end briefly includes hypothesis your hypothesis and the method to test it.

 

4.      Problem question (specific, concrete questions to which concrete answers can be given) and/ or hypotheses

 

5.      Methods/Procedures Methodology (will your research be based on survey, an experimental investigation, historical study, ethnographic study or content analysis).Methods describe the experiments proposed or the observations planned to make and the detailed process of analysis of data/observations. Methods proposed should be feasible and be able to adequately answer problem question.

 

6.      Materials/Resources required

 

7.      Observations/Data gathered

Using the procedures mentioned in introduction, experiments should be conducted and data should be recorded. Interesting things that happened during the conduct of experiments should also be recorded.

 

8.      Analysis of data and discussion of result

Data should be interpreted in terms of proposed hypothesis. Data should be tabulated and interpreted with the help of graphs if possible. The interpretation should be done in an honest manner even if it does not support proposed hypothesis.

 

9.      Conclusion Reporting and writing up the report

Discussion of new learning from the study may be covered under conclusion. This may have possible suggestions for future studies.

 

10.   Limitation of the study

The limitations of the study are those features of design or procedure that might have affected the interpretation of the results of study. The limitations are alternatively interpreted as flaws or shortcomings due to flawed methodology, observations, small number of experiments or non-peer reviewed nature of study etc.

 

11.   Bibliography

Rubric for Assessment of Project

PARAMETER	Exemplary (4)	Accomplished (3)	Developing (2)	Beginner (1)
Factual information	Content covers the research well	Content from all eras but has few inaccuracies	Content does not cover all eras and has few inaccuracies	Content  does not cover all eras and is historically inaccurate
Sources	Multiple sources (6 or more) used (library, books, interview with people, different websites, blogs etc.)	Many sources (4- 5) used (Books, websites, blogs )	Few sources used (2-3)	Relied on only one source
Data collection	Collected data from a large random sample (50 people or more from different age group, gender, social status) OR collected data for different samples and at least 5 reading for each set of experiment	Collected data from a fairly large random sample (30 -50 people from different age group, gender, social status) OR collected data for different samples and 3 reading for each set of experiment	Collected data from a small random sample (20 people from different age group, gender, social status) OR collected data for one sample and 3-5 readings	Collected data from a small sample (10 or less people) OR collected data for one sample and 1-2 readings
Interpretations and conclusion	In correlation with data and aim of the project. Clear conclusions based on findings	In correlation with data and aim of the project. Conclusions not based on findings	Not in correlation with data but in correlation with the aim Random conclusions	Not in correlation with data and aim, No conclusions
Journal	Daily entries with details of discussions and brainstorming sessions with the teacher.	Most of the entries done with details of discussions with the teacher	Daily entries without details	Random entries
Project report	Exceptionally attractive, organized sequentially and logically, creatively presented with data and clear conclusions	Attractive, organized sequentially and logically, presented some data and conclusions	Information is organized sequentially and logically but not in an attractive manner. Random Data without conclusions	Presentation is confusing. There is no sequence.
Academic Honesty	Sites all sources and gives due credits	Most of the sources cited	Few sources cited	Uses other people’s ideas without giving credit

 

Salt bridge and its importance in a cell

 salt bridge - is t U-shaped tube containing semi solid paste of inert electrolyte either KCl, KNO3 or ammonium chloride in Agar Agar or gelatin. 

Function of salt bridge -   

I) to complete the electrical circuit by allowing the ions to flow from one solution to other without mixing of the two solution 

II) to maintain the electrical neutrality of the solution in the two half cell (in voltaic cell) 

Standard hydrogen electrode

• The electrode is connected to a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) to constitute a cell
• It consists of a platinum electrode coated with a layer of platinum black.

• The electrode is immersed in an acidic solution and the pure hydrogen gas is bubbled through it.
• The concentration of the reduced form and the oxidized form of hydrogen is sustained at unity with following conditions:
• Pressure of hydrogen gas = 1 bar
• Concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution = 1 molar

Ecell = Ecathode – Eanode

Ecell = Ecathode – 0 = Ecathode

• The measured Emf of the cell:

Pt| H2 (1 bar)| H+ (1M) || Cu2+ (1M)| Cu is 0.34 V.

The positive value of the standard electrode potential signifies the easy reduction of Cu2+ ions than H+ ions.

• The measured Emf of the cell

Pt| H2 (1 bar)| H+ (1M) || Zn2+ (1M)| Zn is -0.76 V.

The negative value of the standard electrode potential signifies that the hydrogen ions oxidizes the zinc (or it can be said that zinc can reduce hydrogen ions).

• An electrode with standard electrode potential greater than zero is stable in its reduced form compared to hydrogen gas.
• Whereas an electrode with negative standard electrode potential is less stable in its reduced form compared to hydrogen gas.
• This decreases the standard electrode potential which in turn decreases the oxidizing power of the specific electrode on the left and increases the reducing power of the electrode to the right of the reaction.

Digital Bharti Covid Scholarship

The second wave of the coronavirus pandemic has left many children orphaned and vulnerable across India. Countless children have lost both their parents, while many are merely surviving with a single parent, who is not able to support the children financially and emotionally. In most of such cases, the relatives, too, turn indifferent. These Covid orphans are often left with no support and enormous helplessness. The purpose of Digital Bharati, which is an initiative of PIIndia, is to support those students who have lost both or either of their parents in the current Covid-19 crisis. This project will provide them scholarships so that they can continue their education without any hindrance.

We are looking to support these students for a period of the next 5 years. On a need basis, they would be given coupons that they can utilize to purchase educational subscriptions at leading ed-tech companies. Also, students would be given access to laptops and tablets as well to further support their learning. More than 1 million deaths are likely due to the ongoing Covid crisis. This would involve 200,000 parents impacting nearly half a million children. 

Eligibility criteria:

* Need cum crisis based scholarship
* Students who lost their parent(s) since January 2020.
* No minimum academic percentage, however, students should be continuing their education.
* PAN India students are eligible to participate
* Death certificate along with an identity proof of parent/guardian
* Any guardian/parent can fill the form on behalf of student (Uncle, aunty, teacher, tutor, grandparents)
* Digital verification of selected beneficiaries.

 

The criteria for scholarship renewal

Based on the following criteria, students will be considered for their scholarship renewal in successive years

* No dropout (from regular academic sessions)
* Final decision by a selection committee based on student need as well as availability of resource

 

procedure for fund disbursement

 

Voucher codes will be transferred on an annual basis to students/guardians.

– Students need to meet renewal scholarship eligibility criteria and upload following documents in an online scholar tracking system.

* Admission proof that they have progressed in next year.
* Academic grade report that they passed the last exam

 

Is matter around us pure- slide presentation

 

Inviting Online Applications for National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test [(NEET (UG)] 2021

PUBLIC NOTICE 13 July 2021

Sub: Inviting Online Applications for National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test [(NEET (UG)] 2021 –Reg.

The National Testing Agency (NTA) is inviting Online Applications for NEET (UG) – 2021 for admission to the undergraduate medical courses in all medical institutions in India.

As per Section 14 of The National Medical Commission Act, 2019, the NEET (UG) has to be conducted as a common and uniform National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test [(NEET (UG)] for admission to undergraduate medical education in all medical institutions, including those governed under any other law in force.

NEET (UG) – 2021 will be conducted in 13 languages i.e. English, Hindi, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.

In order to ensure that the candidate data is submitted fast, the Application Form for NEET (UG) – 2021 has been divided into Two Sets/Phases.

The first set of information needs to be filled up before the last date of submission of the Application Form online. The second set of information needs to be filled up by the candidates before the declaration of the Result/ downloading of Score Card during the period that would be notified separately through NEET (UG) Portal in due course.

All candidates shall fill up each set of information of the Application Form at the respective time of availability. In the absence of filling up of any of the set of information, his/her candidature will be cancelled.

The ‘columns’ to be filled up in each set of information are available in the Information Bulletin as Appendix-XVII for the reference of the Candidates.

The NEET (UG) – 2021 shall consist of one Question Paper containing 180 Multiple Choice Questions from Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (Botany and Zoology). The Schedule of Examination activities is as follows:

 

Online Submission of Application Form through Website (https://neet.nta.nic.in/)	13 July 2021 to 6 August 2021 (upto 11:50 PM)
Last date of successful transaction of fee through Credit/Debit Card/Net- Banking/UPI / Paytm Wallet	7 August 2021 (upto 11:50 PM)
Correction in Particulars of Application Form on the website only	8 August 2021 to 12 August 2021
Announcement of the City of Examination	20 August 2021
Downloading of Admit Cards from NTA website	To be released 03 days before the Examination
Date of Examination	12 September 2021 (Sunday)
Duration of Examination	180 minutes (03 hours)
Timing of Examination	02:00 PM to 05:00 PM (IST)
Centre, Date and Shift of NEET (UG) - 2021	As to be indicated in the Admit Card
Display of OMR Sheets/ Responses and Answer Keys to the Candidates	To be announced later on the website (https://neet.nta.nic.in/)
Declaration of Result to the Candidates on NTA website (https://neet.nta.nic.in/)	To be announced later on the website
Website(s)	https://neet.nta.nic.in/, www.nta.ac.in

*     Other Backward Classes (OBC) – Non-Creamy Layer as per the Central list of Other Backward Classes available on National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC-Government of India website www.ncbc.nic.in).

The Information Bulletin containing detailed information regarding the Test, syllabus, pattern of the examination, eligibility criteria to appear/admission, age, reservation, categorization of seats, examination fee, cities of examination, State Code of eligibility, etc. is being available on the website : https://neet.nta.nic.in/

The Candidates are advised to keep visiting the official websites of NTA (https://neet.nta.nic.in/) and (www.nta.ac.in), for the latest updates from time to time.

For further clarification related to NEET (UG) – 2021, the candidates can also contact 011-40759000 or email at neet@nta.ac.in.

ISRO OFFERS 5-DAY FREE ONLINE COURSE FOR STUDENTS

 इसरो छात्रों के लिए प्रमाणपत्र के साथ 5-दिवसीय निःशुल्क ऑनलाइन पाठ्यक्रम प्रदान करता है

भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन (इसरो) स्कूली छात्रों से मुफ्त ऑनलाइन पाठ्यक्रम के लिए आवेदन आमंत्रित कर रहा है। अपने केंद्र, इंडियन इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ रिमोट सेंसिंग (IIRS) के माध्यम से, यह ‘पर्यावरण अध्ययन के लिए रिमोट सेंसिंग और जीआईएस की उपयोगिता’ नामक पांच दिवसीय पाठ्यक्रम की पेशकश कर रहा है।
जानने योग्य बातें:

यह पाठ्यक्रम कक्षा 10, 11 और 12 में पढ़ने वाले भारतीय छात्रों के लिए खुला है।

पांच दिवसीय पाठ्यक्रम 26 जुलाई से 30 जुलाई 2021 के बीच आयोजित किया जाएगा।

व्याख्यान IIRS YouTube चैनल पर लाइव प्रदर्शित किए जाएंगे।

प्रत्येक दिन 45 मिनट के दो ऑनलाइन व्याख्यान होंगे। एक सुबह 10 बजे दूसरी दोपहर 12 बजे होगी।

प्रतिभागी अपने प्रश्नों के उत्तर चैट बॉक्स में प्रश्न उठाकर प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। इसका उत्तर व्याख्यान के बाद पांच मिनट के अंतराल के बाद दिया जाएगा।

छात्रों को व्याख्यान के आधार पर प्रतिदिन एक प्रश्नोत्तरी भी देनी होती है।

आवेदन कैसे करें?

चरण 1: आधिकारिक वेबसाइट पर जाएं और पाठ्यक्रम विवरणिका और दिशानिर्देशों को पढ़ें।

चरण 2: आवश्यक जानकारी दर्ज करके स्वयं को एक छात्र के रूप में पंजीकृत करें।

आवेदन करने की आखिरी तारीख 20 जुलाई 2021 है।

एक बार जब आप पांच दिवसीय पाठ्यक्रम पूरा कर लेते हैं, तो आपको अपनी प्रतिक्रिया देनी होगी और फिर 5 अगस्त 2021 से पहले प्रमाण पत्र जमा करना होगा।

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