IRREGULAR FOOD HABIT AND ACIDITY

 

IRREGULAR FOOD HABIT AND ACIDITY

^{A Group of teachers in a Common training Programme went for lunch in break. One of them, named Sandeep, felt Stomach Ache. Nurse madam was immediately called ,}

^{She said that Mr. Sandeep has acidity problem. Mr Sandeep said that he had taken heavy oily food for breakfast. He felt relaxed soon after he was given ANTA-ACID(milk of magnesia, baking soda etc) .}

 ^{And also learnt about that one must have healthy food to avoid common digestion problems}

^{Q.1. 1) The main cause of acidity is}   

^{a) Bad food habit}                                                           

^{b) Heavy oily and spicy food}

^{c)Excess secretion of HCl in stomach}                        

^{d) smoking habit}

^{Ans- c)}                      

 ^{Q.1.2) A Country has a high number of acidity problems.  Can the following questions about acidity be answered by scientific experiments? Circle YES OR NO for each question.}

^{a)Can this question about acidity be answered by scientific experiment?    (YES/NO)}

^{b)what would be the effect of acidity after taking anta-acid?     (YES/NO)}

^{c)how much should a person visit to the doctor?  (YES/NO)}

    ^{Ans- a) YES,     b)YES,      c) NO}

^{Q)1.3-Which one of following is a function of anta-acid?}

^{a)To reduce the effect of acid}

^{b)To neutralize excess acid secreted by histamine}

^{c)To make person relaxed due to chemical reaction}

^{d)No effect}

^{Ans-  both  a) and b)}         

^{Q.1.4) What food habits are to be developed to avoid acidity?}

^{Ans……………………………………………………………….}

^{Answer- a) taking food timely, avoid oily and junk food, regular exercise-}       

Artificial sweetening agents

 

 Artificial sweetening agents

Artificial sweetening agents like saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, alitame(are artificial sweeteners) do not have any nutritional value. They do not provide calorie intake. Artificial sweeteners have a very great importance to diabetic persons and to the persons who need to control intake of calories. Some artificial sweeteners like aspartame can be used only in cold foods and soft drinks because they are not stable at high temperatures. Alitame is about 2000 times sweeter than sucrose.

saccharin- is Ortho-sulphobenzimide and fist popular artificial sweetening reagent, discovered in 1879. it is about 550 times as sweet as cane sugar. it is excreted from the body in urine unchanged

Aspartame- is the most successful and widely used artificial sweetener. it is about 100 times as sweet as cane sugar. it is methyl ester of dipeptide formed from aspartic acid and phenylalanine.

Alitame-is high potency sweetener, although it is more stable aspartame . the control of sweetness of food is difficult while using.

Sucralose- is trichloro derivative of sucrose. its taste and appearance like  sugar. it is stable at cooking temperature.

these 

Question 2.1 The purpose of using artificial sweetening agents is-

(A)          As a source of instant energy to the body.

(B)         To give sweet taste .

(C)         To provide intake of calories  .

(D)        Both (B) and ( C) .

Ans-B

Question 2.2  - Aspartame can not be used in hot tea because-

(A)    It is stable at cooking temperature .

(B)    It decomposes in hot tea.

(C)    It does not provide calorie.

(D)   All of the above.

 Ans-B

Question 2.3 --------- is trichloro derivative of sucrose.

Ans- Sucralose

ORS

  Oral rehydration Salts

ORS means Oral rehydration Salts we are taking in the form of solution to become more energetic during the summer seasons specially. Because more water and salts or ions from our body is released due to sweating and weakness caused. Some time extra water and ions are released from the body due to diarrhea, dysentery, vomiting also.

Physiologically the ORS provides us ions to maintain the nervous system transmission smoothly by Na, Cl, and K pumps during the nerve impulse as shown in the diagram. Water is the main component of blood which enhances the capacity of transportation along with these ions which are present in the form of ORS solutions. Hence we are prevented from internal organs failure also. That’s why Doctors are suggesting we keep this ORS in the form of first aid or keep it at home for personal safety purposes .

Question 1. Which one of them is essential for rehydration?

  (a)  Thumbs up

   (b)  Pepsi

   (c)  ORS

   (d)   Soft drink

Answer- c

Question 2. Ions essential for the maintaining of nervous system properly are

(a)  Cl, Ca and Mn

(b)  Ca, P and Mg

(c)   Na, K and Cl

(d)  Cl, Mn and Ca

      Answer -c

Question 3. True or False

        (i)     Soft drink rehydrates us due to we feel no thrusts.

        (ii)   ORS is exactly similar to common sarbat /sugar solution of India.

          Answer –Both (i) and (ii) are false                            

Question 4. Fill in the blank

      The full form of ORS is ………………

         Answer -oral rehydration salts

Question 5. Why ORS used as first aids?

      Answer – For rehydration, more energetic health, to maintain nerve cell function, preventing organ failure under dehydration condition, Refreshment, recharges us to perform more work, use as oral saline.

Haloalkane and haloarenes quiz-1

Haloalkanes and heloarenes

Quiz

 

1. Reaction of propanone with CH3-Mg-Br followed by hydrolysis gives:
   1.   Butan-2-ol
   2.   2-Methylpropanol
   3.   Propan-2-ol
   4.   2-Methyl-2-propanol
2. Chloroethane on heating with alcoholic KOH gives
   1.   Ethane (b)
      (c) (d)
   2.   Ethene
   3.   Ethyne
   4.   Ethyl alcohol
3. Phosgene is a common name for :
   1.   Phosphoryl chloride
   2.   Carbonyl chloride
   3.   Carbon dioxide & phosphine
   4.   Carbon tetrachloride
4. Which of the following possesses highest melting point ?
   
   1.   Chlorobenzene (b)
      (c) (d)
   2.   n-dichlorobenzene
   3.   o-dichlorobenzene
   4.   p-dichlorobenzene
5. KCN reacts readily to form a cyanide with :
   1.   Ethyl alcohol
   2.   Ethyl bromide
   3.   Bromobenzene
   4.   Chlorobenzene
6. Which of the following undergoes nucleophilic substitution exclusively by SN1 mechanism?
   1.   Benzyl Chloride
   2.   Ethyl chloride
   3.   Chlorobenzene
   4.   Isopropyl chloride
7. The increasing order of nucleophilicity would be?
   1.   Cl– < Br– < I–
   2.   I– < Cl– < Br–
   3.   Br– < Cl– < F–
   4.   I– < Br– < Cl–
8. Which of the following is most reactive towards SN1 reaction?
   1.   C6H5C(CH3)C6H5Br
   2.   C8H5CH2Br
   3.   C6H5CH(C6H5)Br
   4.   C6H5CH(CH3)Br
9. A Grignard reagent may be made by reacting magnesium with----------in presence of dry ether.
   1.   Methyl amine
   2.   Diethyl ether
   3.   Ethyl iodide
   4.   Ethyl alcohol
10. C-Cl bond of chlorobenzene in comparison to C-Cl bond in methyl chloride is
    1.   Longer and weaker
    2.   Shorter and weaker
    3.   Shorter and stronger
    4.   Longer and stronger
11. Toluene reacts with a halogen in the presence of iron (III) chloride giving ortho and para halo compounds. The reaction is
    1.   Electrophilic elimination reaction
    2.   Electrophilic substitution reaction
    3.   Free radical addition reaction
    4.   Nucleophilic substitution reaction
12. Which of the following is an example of vic-dihalide?
    
    
    1.   Dichloromethane
    2.   1,2-dichloroethane
    3.   Ethylidene chloride
    4.   Allyl chloride
13. Chlorobenzene is formed by reaction of chlorine with benzene in the presence of AlCl3. Which of the following species attacks the benzene ring in this reaction ?
    
    1.   Cl⁻
    2.   Cl⁺ (Cl+)
    3.   AlCl₃
    4.   [AlCl₄]⁻
14. Ethylidene chloride is a/an ______________.
    
    1.   vic-dihalide
    2.   gem-dihalide
    3.   allylic halide
    4.   vinylic halide
15. Boiling point of alkyl bromide is higher than alkyl chloride due to
    1.   High vander vaal's force than alkyl chloride.
       
       
       
       
       High Vander waals force in alkyl bromide than alkyl chloride.
    2.   High ionic force than alkyle chloride
    3.   more molecular mass than alkyl chloride
    4.   Both (A) and (C)
16. SN₂ reaction proceeds with__________
    1.   Complete stereochemical inversion
    2.   racemisation
    3.   Both (A) and (B)
    4.   None of these
17. Which is correct arrangement of compounds in order of reactivity towards SN₂ substitution :
    1.   2-bromo-2-methyl butane< 1-bromopentane< 2-bromopentane
    2.   1-bromopentane >2-bromopentane > 2-bromo-2-methyl butane
    3.   1-bromopentane< 2-bromopentane<2-bromo-2-methyl butane
    4.   2-bromo-2-methyl butane< 1-bromopentane< 2-bromopentane
18. Haloalkanes react with KCN to form alkyl cyanides as main product while AgCN form isocyanides as the chief product.due to
    1.   ionic nature of KCN and AgCN
    2.   covalent nature of KCN and AgCN
    3.   ionic nature of KCN and covalent nature of AgCN
    4.   covalent nature of KCN and ionic nature AgCN
19. Which do not give silver nitrate test-
    1.   Vinyl halides only
    2.   Aryl halides only
    3.   alkyl halides only
    4.   both (A) and (B)
20. SN₁ reaction proceeds with__________
    1.   Complete stereochemical inversion
    2.   Racemisation
    3.   Both (A) and (B)
    4.   None of these

Virus

Viruses are microscopic but they are not considered as living beings. They are considered as a borderline case between livings and non- living. A virus behaves as non- living when it is outside a host cell, i.e. a virus does not carry on nutrition, respiration or reproduction when it is outside a host. But once it is inside a host, it behaves like a living - being, i.e. it carries on nutrition, respiration and reproduction when it is inside a host. Examples HIV, TOBACCO MOSAIC, VIRUS (TMV) etc.

Life Cycle of Virus: 

Q1: Is virus a living organism:

a. Yes

b. No

c. Both 1 and 2

d. It is a link between living and non- living.

Answer: d

Q.2  : In which situation, a virus behaves like living organisms?

a.  When it is in the air

b.  When it is in the water

c.  When it is inside the living cell

d.  When it is in the soil 

Ans--c

Q 3. What kind of life processes a virus can perform?

                                                                                                               

Answer: It performs nutrition, respiration and reproduction