MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SOAP

 

The fats and oils required for manufacturing soap are extracted from the plants and animals.  To make the fatty acids called triglyceride molecule, 3 fatty acid molecules are bonded to 1 molecule of glycerine. Fatty acids are weak acids composed of 2 parts. A carboxylic acid group having 1  hydrogen atom, 2 oxygen atoms, and 1 carbon atom and a hydrocarbon chain attached to the carboxylic acid group. Earlier the alkali required for making soaps were obtained from the animals but now they are clinically composed. The common alkalis used in soap making are sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.

 

Q4.1 . Why do we consider fatty acid as weak acid?

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Q4.2. How  are atoms in  “Acid” functional group  bonded together?

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Q4.3. Each chemical has common name such as sodium chloride known as common salt .Similarly NaOH and KOH also have common names. Give the names.

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Q4.4. Sonali’s mother has cracked hands due to washing clothes regularly. What are the possible  reasons of it ?

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Answer key-

4.1 full credit : low ionization when dissolve in water  or low conductivity of electricity

       Partial credit: any one given above

4.2 Full credit :  structure  of –COOH

        No credit : other response

4.3 Full credit : caustic soda and caustic potash

     Partial Credit :  Any one of the above

     No credit : other response

4.4 Full credit : Due to soap with high amount of NaOH(base).

      No credit : other response