India is once again heading into the worst time of year for air pollution, a season where the country’s notoriously poor quality becomes even more toxic. The main cause of deteriorating quality of air is- petrol and diesel-based vehicle exhaust fumes, coal and petroleum power plants, exhaust from industrial plants and factories and other human activities. Burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen and particulates into the atmosphere. A whopping nine in 10 people on Earth breathe highly polluted air, and more than 80 percent of urban dwellers have to endure outdoor pollution that exceeds health standards, according to the WHO’s World Global Ambient Air Quality Database. Cities like Kanpur, Faridabad, Delhi, Varanasi and Patna are polluted badly by vehicles and have large number of coal and petroleum-based industries.
Drawing on
measurements and calculations as of 2016 from air monitoring stations in 4,300
cities, the WHO reported in March that
India’s cities suffer the most.
Cities with the highest small particulate measurements in the world
|
Country |
City |
PM2.5 (µg/m³) |
|
India |
Kanpur |
173 |
|
India |
Faridabad |
172 |
|
India |
Varanasi |
151 |
|
India |
Gaya |
149 |
|
India |
Patna |
144 |
|
India |
Delhi |
143 |
|
India |
Lucknow |
138 |
|
Cameroon |
Bamenda |
132 |
|
India |
Agra |
131 |
|
India |
Muzaffarpur |
120 |
|
India |
Srinagar |
113 |
|
India |
Gurgaon |
113 |
World
Health Organization
Technically, the WHO doesn’t treat its data as a ranking but rather a measurement of where risks are higher. But it’s clear from the report that India is one of the riskiest countries in the world to breathe, up there with Bangladesh and Georgia. When it comes to comparing PM10 measurements of the world’s largest cities, India’s capital Delhi comes in with an annual average of 292, ahead of Cairo (284), Dhaka (147), Mumbai (104), and Beijing (92), the Washington Post noted.
Q.(1)List any four reasons for poor air
quality index in so many cities in India?
(2) What do you mean by PM as mentioned
above in PM 2.5 and PM 10-
A. Pollution Meter
B. Particulate Matter
C. Performance Monitor
D. Particular Material
(3) The lungs of a person living in Shimla
and that living in Delhi were compared by Dr.VivekGoyal.
He noticed that the lungs of person living in Shimla were pinkish red but that
of person living in Delhi for last ten years was black. Explain the cause of
such difference in your own words?
(4) From the data given above, write names
of any two cities that have PM 2.5 more than 170?
(5)Carbon-di-oxide is very important gas for maintaining the
temperature of the earth. It is also needed by plants for photosynthesis. Even
though it is now being considered as a pollutant. Comment
(1) Full credit: Increased use of vehicles
Burning farm
waste.
Industrial
pollution and smoke.
Too much
construction.
Partial
Credit: Any three
correct responses
No Credit: Any other response or no response
(2) Full Credit: Particulate matter
No Credit: Other response or missing response
(3) Full Credit: Delhi is a polluted city, so the person’s lungs are being badly affected by the pollutants and on the other hand Shimla is a hill station with clean fresh air. So, the lungs of the person living in Shimla are pinkish red.
No Credit: No response or other response
(4) Full Credit: Kanpur and Faridabad
No Credit: No response or other response
(5) Full Credit:The level of Carbon di oxide in the atmosphere is increasing day by day by
different human
activities. It traps sun rays when reflected from earth. But more CO 2 is
causing global warming and changing earth’s climate.
No Credit: No response or other response
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