Chemistry in everyday life
Important points
medicines, drugs and artificial
Antipyretics - reduce body temperature example: paracetamol, aspirin
Analgesic- painkillers example paracetamol aspirin
there are two types of analgesic
a. Narcotic Analgesic make the people addict example dolphin heroine codein b. Non narcotic -will not make the people addict example paracetamol aspirin Anta
a. first generation antacid example sodium Bicarbonate drawback - it will Trigger more acid secretion
b. Second generation antacid Example aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide milk of magnesia
c.Third generation antacid it will not neutralize excess acid instead it will attack on the intestine wall and stop acid secretion example ranitidine cimetidine
Antibiotics:- one Thief against another one microorganism is used against another microorganisms.
Sulphanilamide :antibacterial agent salvarsan : antibacterial agent used for treatment of syphilis, arsenic based structure
first one antibiotics discovered by alexander Fleming - penicillin from penicillium notatum
there are 3 types of antibiotics
1. Broad spectrum antibiotics: When antibiotics is used how many microorganism work on both gram positive as well as Gram Negative bacteria example ampicilin, amoxicillin, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol which is useful aur typhoid meningitis urinary tract infection etc
2. Narrow spectrum antibiotics it is used against only one microorganism gram positive gram Negative example penicillin-G
3. Limited spectrum - it is effective effective against single organism or disease, example streptomycin
Antiseptic and Disinfectant:
Antiseptic used to stop or kill the growth of microorganism on living tissue example:
a. Tincture Iodine 2% iodine in ethanol
b. Dettol- mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol
c. Bithional is the antiseptic present in soap. d. 0.1% phenol
e. Eye Antiseptic is boric acid
Disinfectant: Used to stop aur kill the growth of organic organism on non living objects example bleaching powder and 1% phenol
Tranquilizers: useful for mental depression and components of sleeping pills
example : equanil, barbituric acid and its derivatives viz., veronal, amytal, nimbutal, luminal and seconal
and others as meprobamate valium, serotonin
Note: low level of noradrenaline(neurotransmitters) causes depression cured by using of tranquilizers.
Anti allergic drugs: Content things like pollen grains, brinjal enter in our body that pathogen entered and secret histamine to fight against that. Since no pathogen entered, histamine will cause allergic symptoms like itching inflammation problem etc. Doctor will give antihistamine- anti allergy injection example- brompheniramine( dimetapp), seldane Both antacid and antihistamine will work on different receptors in stomach they will not interference each other.
Antifertility drugs it will stop the reproduction example norethindrone, novestrol
Chemicals in food :
Artificial sweetening agent:
1.Saccharine:- it is artho sulpho- benzimide, the first popular artificial sweetening agent, about 550 time as sweet as Cane sugar, excreted from the body in urine unchanged 2. Aspartame:- is methyl ester of di- peptide formed from aspartic acid and phenyl alanine, use of aspartame is limited to cold foods and soft drinks since it is unstable at cooking temperature.
3. Alitame:- more stable than aspartame the control of sweetness of food difficult while using it 4.sucralose:- trichloro derivative of sucrose its appearance and taste are like sugar. It is stable at cooking temperature, not provide calories Note: Artificial sweetening agents are boon for diabetic
Food preservative:- prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth Such as sodium benzoate table salt of sorbic acid and propanoic acid
Important points
medicines, drugs and artificial
Antipyretics - reduce body temperature example: paracetamol, aspirin
Analgesic- painkillers example paracetamol aspirin
there are two types of analgesic
a. Narcotic Analgesic make the people addict example dolphin heroine codein b. Non narcotic -will not make the people addict example paracetamol aspirin Anta
a. first generation antacid example sodium Bicarbonate drawback - it will Trigger more acid secretion
b. Second generation antacid Example aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide milk of magnesia
c.Third generation antacid it will not neutralize excess acid instead it will attack on the intestine wall and stop acid secretion example ranitidine cimetidine
Antibiotics:- one Thief against another one microorganism is used against another microorganisms.
Sulphanilamide :antibacterial agent salvarsan : antibacterial agent used for treatment of syphilis, arsenic based structure
first one antibiotics discovered by alexander Fleming - penicillin from penicillium notatum
there are 3 types of antibiotics
1. Broad spectrum antibiotics: When antibiotics is used how many microorganism work on both gram positive as well as Gram Negative bacteria example ampicilin, amoxicillin, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol which is useful aur typhoid meningitis urinary tract infection etc
2. Narrow spectrum antibiotics it is used against only one microorganism gram positive gram Negative example penicillin-G
3. Limited spectrum - it is effective effective against single organism or disease, example streptomycin
Antiseptic and Disinfectant:
Antiseptic used to stop or kill the growth of microorganism on living tissue example:
a. Tincture Iodine 2% iodine in ethanol
b. Dettol- mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol
c. Bithional is the antiseptic present in soap. d. 0.1% phenol
e. Eye Antiseptic is boric acid
Disinfectant: Used to stop aur kill the growth of organic organism on non living objects example bleaching powder and 1% phenol
Tranquilizers: useful for mental depression and components of sleeping pills
example : equanil, barbituric acid and its derivatives viz., veronal, amytal, nimbutal, luminal and seconal
and others as meprobamate valium, serotonin
Note: low level of noradrenaline(neurotransmitters) causes depression cured by using of tranquilizers.
Anti allergic drugs: Content things like pollen grains, brinjal enter in our body that pathogen entered and secret histamine to fight against that. Since no pathogen entered, histamine will cause allergic symptoms like itching inflammation problem etc. Doctor will give antihistamine- anti allergy injection example- brompheniramine( dimetapp), seldane Both antacid and antihistamine will work on different receptors in stomach they will not interference each other.
Antifertility drugs it will stop the reproduction example norethindrone, novestrol
Chemicals in food :
Artificial sweetening agent:
1.Saccharine:- it is artho sulpho- benzimide, the first popular artificial sweetening agent, about 550 time as sweet as Cane sugar, excreted from the body in urine unchanged 2. Aspartame:- is methyl ester of di- peptide formed from aspartic acid and phenyl alanine, use of aspartame is limited to cold foods and soft drinks since it is unstable at cooking temperature.
3. Alitame:- more stable than aspartame the control of sweetness of food difficult while using it 4.sucralose:- trichloro derivative of sucrose its appearance and taste are like sugar. It is stable at cooking temperature, not provide calories Note: Artificial sweetening agents are boon for diabetic
Food preservative:- prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth Such as sodium benzoate table salt of sorbic acid and propanoic acid